![]() In particular, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) appeared as a pro-viral host factor whose expression is necessary for optimal viral protein synthesis and replication. One of the main factors targeted by NS1 of all virus strains was double-stranded RNA binding domain protein family. Validation of the relevance of these host cell proteins for the viral replication cycle revealed that 7 of the 79 NS1 and/or NS2-interacting proteins positively or negatively controlled virus replication. These interacting proteins are potentially involved in each step of the infectious process and their contribution to viral replication was tested by RNA interference. More than 560 interactions between 79 cellular proteins and NS1 and NS2 proteins from 9 different influenza virus strains have been identified. A yeast two-hybrid screening strategy was used to identify host factors supporting NS1 and NS2 functions. NS1 is a multifunctional protein and a virulence factor while NS2 is involved in nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. Influenza A NS1 and NS2 proteins are encoded by the RNA segment 8 of the viral genome. ![]()
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